英作文対策
意見論述（80〜100語）の書き方を完全解説。4段落構成・採点基準・使えるフレーズ集・頻出トピック例で満点を狙いましょう。
出題形式
英検2級 英作文（ライティング）の出題形式
- 形式: QUESTIONに対して80〜100語の英文で自分の意見を述べる
- 語数: 80語未満・100語超は大幅な減点（±5語程度は許容範囲）
- 構成指定: 自分の意見を述べ、その理由を2つ挙げること（POINTSから選択可）
- 配点: 16点満点（内容4点・構成4点・語彙4点・文法4点）
- 時間目安: リーディング・ライティング85分のうち、ライティングには20〜25分を確保する
問題例
QUESTION: Do you think it is a good idea for people to use public transportation instead of private cars?
Write your opinion in 80〜100 words. Give TWO reasons to support your opinion. Use the POINTS below as a guide.
POINTS: ● Environment ● Cost ● Convenience ● Health
4段落構成（必ず守る）
序論（Introduction）約20語
QUESTIONを言い換えながら自分の立場（賛成/反対）を明示する。
例: "I think it is a good idea for people to use public transportation for two reasons."
本論1（Body 1）約40語
1つ目の理由を述べ、その理由を具体例・データ・説明で補強する。
例: "First, public transportation is better for the environment. Buses and trains carry many people at once, which reduces carbon emissions."
本論2（Body 2）約40語
2つ目の理由を述べ、同様に説明を加える。1つ目と異なる観点から述べると評価が高くなる。
例: "Second, using public transportation can save money. People do not need to buy or maintain a car, which is very expensive."
結論（Conclusion）約20語
序論の内容を言い換えて繰り返す。新しい情報は入れない。
例: "For these two reasons, I believe using public transportation is a better choice for people."
採点基準（4観点・各4点満点）
| 観点 | 評価内容 | 4点（満点）のポイント |
|---|---|---|
| 内容（Content） | 意見・理由・説明が適切に述べられているか | 立場が明確で、理由が2つきちんと説明されている。トピックに合った内容 |
| 構成（Organization） | 論理的な流れ・段落構成・ディスコースマーカーの使用 | 序論→本論1→本論2→結論の流れが明確。First / Second / In conclusion などを適切に使用 |
| 語彙（Vocabulary） | 適切な語彙・表現の使用・語のバリエーション | 同じ語を繰り返さず言い換えを使用。形容詞・副詞を効果的に使う |
| 文法（Grammar） | 文法の正確さ・複雑な構文の使用 | スペルミス・三人称単数s・冠詞ミスが少ない。関係代名詞・接続詞を正しく使用 |
減点されやすいミス
- 語数が80語未満または100語超（目安は意識して数える）
- 自分の意見が序論と結論で一致していない（途中で立場が変わる）
- 理由の説明が1文だけで終わる（具体例や補足が不足）
- 日本語の直訳表現（「私は〜と思います」が多すぎる）
- 同じ語・表現の繰り返し（think / is / important を何度も使う）
使えるフレーズ集
頻出トピックと解答例
- Ocean pollution（海洋汚染）
- Marine life（海洋生物への影響）
- Alternative materials（代替素材：paper / bamboo / reusable bags）
I think people should reduce their use of plastic products for two reasons.
First, plastic waste seriously harms ocean wildlife. Millions of tons of plastic enter the ocean each year, damaging marine ecosystems and threatening animals like sea turtles.
Second, there are many good alternatives available. Reusable bags and paper containers can easily replace single-use plastics, significantly reducing the amount of waste we produce.
For these two reasons, I believe reducing plastic use is essential for protecting our environment. (84語)
- Health（目の疲れ・睡眠不足）
- Education（勉強への悪影響・良い影響）
- Communication（コミュニケーション能力への影響）
I think the use of smartphones should be limited for children for two reasons.
First, too much screen time damages children's health. It causes eye strain and poor sleep, which negatively affects their performance at school.
Second, excessive smartphone use harms communication skills. Children who spend too much time online have fewer chances to practice face-to-face conversation, which is essential for building relationships.
For these two reasons, I believe parents and schools should set clear limits on children's smartphone use. (83語)
- Language learning（語学力向上）
- Cultural understanding（異文化理解）
- Cost（費用・経済的負担）
- Independence（自立心を育てる）
I agree that students should study abroad at least once for two main reasons.
First, living abroad is the best way to improve language skills. Students are forced to communicate in a foreign language every day, which leads to much faster improvement than studying in a classroom.
Second, studying abroad broadens students' perspectives. Experiencing a different culture helps them understand new ways of thinking and become more open-minded.
For these two reasons, I strongly believe studying abroad is a valuable experience for all students. (87語)
- Health（生活習慣病予防・体力向上）
- Mental well-being（ストレス解消・精神的健康）
- Social skills（チームワーク・コミュニケーション）
- Academic performance（学業への好影響）
I think it is very important for young people to do regular exercise for two reasons.
First, exercise is beneficial to physical health. Young people who exercise regularly are less likely to develop lifestyle diseases such as obesity and diabetes later in life.
Second, physical activity helps reduce stress and improve mental well-being. This allows students to focus better on their studies and maintain a positive outlook on life.
For these two reasons, I believe regular exercise should be encouraged for all young people. (88語)
- Efficiency（業務効率化・時間の節約）
- Healthcare（医療診断・新薬開発への貢献）
- Jobs（雇用喪失のリスク）
- Safety（自動運転・災害予測）
I think artificial intelligence will have a positive effect on society for two reasons.
First, AI can greatly improve efficiency in many industries. It enables companies to automate repetitive tasks, which allows workers to focus on more creative and meaningful work.
Second, AI has the potential to transform healthcare. It can help doctors diagnose diseases more accurately and develop new treatments, which could save countless lives around the world.
For these two reasons, I believe AI will bring significant benefits to our society. (91語)
- Community（地域への貢献・絆の強化）
- Personal growth（社会経験・自己成長）
- Skills（コミュニケーション・協働スキル）
- Career（就職活動・進学への好影響）
I think young people should do volunteer work in their community for two main reasons.
First, volunteering helps strengthen community bonds. When young people assist the elderly or participate in local clean-up activities, they develop a sense of responsibility toward others and build lasting relationships.
Second, volunteer work is a great opportunity for personal growth. It teaches young people important skills such as teamwork and communication, which are essential for their future careers.
For these reasons, I strongly believe that volunteering benefits both young people and their communities. (89語)
注意事項・よくある失敗
✅ 語数カウント
80〜100語の範囲を守る。「a / the / of」などの1語も必ずカウント。普段から80〜100語がどのくらいの量かを把握しておく。解答欄の行数の目安を事前に確認。
✅ スペルチェック
書き終えたら必ずスペルミスを確認する。よく間違えやすい語: environment / necessary / recommend / receive / achieve / believe。
✅ 文法の基本ミス回避
三人称単数現在の -s 忘れ / 冠詞（a/the）の誤用 / 時制の一致 / 主語と動詞の数の一致は特に注意。
✅ 採点者が読みやすく
字を丁寧に書く・段落の区切りを明確にする（1行あける or インデント）。読みにくい字は印象を悪くする。
✅ 時間管理
序論に時間をかけすぎない。20分の時間配分の目安：構成メモ1分 → 下書き（メモ）8分 → 清書8分 → 見直し3分。序論は1〜2文でシンプルにまとめること。
採点官が高く評価する表現
「〜が可能になる」系（語彙・内容の評価UP）
- This allows people to〜: This allows people to save both time and money.（これにより人々は時間とお金の両方を節約できる）
- This enables us to〜: This enables us to communicate with people around the world instantly.（これにより世界中の人々と瞬時にコミュニケーションが取れる）
「〜が重要・不可欠だ」系（主張を強める）
- It is essential that〜: It is essential that we take action to protect the environment now.（今すぐ環境保護の行動を取ることが不可欠だ）
- It is important for〜 to〜: It is important for young people to learn how to manage their time.（若者が時間管理を学ぶことが重要だ）
「両方・だけでなく」系（構成の評価UP）
- not only〜 but also〜: Regular exercise benefits not only physical health but also mental well-being.
- both〜 and〜: This policy will benefit both students and teachers.
「比較・対比」系（論理的な展開をアピール）
- Compared to〜: Compared to traditional methods, online learning is much more flexible and affordable.
- In contrast to〜: In contrast to older generations, young people today are more familiar with digital technology.